Yes, “Amsterdammer” is the proper term. It’s what you’ll see on a passport or in a news article. But say it out loud—Am-ster-dam-mer. It feels a bit formal, doesn’t it?
Locals rarely use the full word in casual conversation. They shorten it to “Dammer” or just “Amsterdammer” with a heavy, guttural Dutch accent. It sounds less like a proper noun and more like a battle cry.